Revised ed. of: Test item bias.
Introduction: Audience and requisite background. Role of DIF investigation. Fairness and DIF. Bias and DIF. DIF and discrimination. Understanding the term DIF. Working vocabulary for this monograph.
Description of DIF: Formal definition of DIF. DIF: Uniform or not
Statistical facets of DIF: Not mean (average) difference. Error in measurement. Differences are systematic. Matching on ability or proficiency. Conditioning criterion: internal versus external. Purification of data
Important considerations: DIF: statistics versus reasoned judgment. statistical bias is not unfairness. Whole test versus individual items. Number: items and sample. A sensible perspective
History of test bias and DIF: Standards for test fairness
Quick-but-incomplete methods: Ordinal ranking of items. Ability group methods. Outdated ANOVA methods
Mantel-Haenszel procedure: CHi-Square contingency table. M-H odds ratio
Nonparametric methods: DIF with SIBTEST. Dorans's standardization
IRT-based methods: IRT framework. Item response curves. The one-parameter model. The two-parameter model. The three-parameter model. DIF methods based on IRT. Differences in item parameters. Likelihood ratio test. Area measures. IRT approaches for detecting DIF in polytomous items
Logistic regression: The logistic regression DIF expression. Example of DIF by logistic regression
Specialized scored items. Computer-based testing. Computer-adaptive testing. Translated tests
Future Directions: Validity argument. Null hypothesis testing. Statistical modeling (HLM and Other). Equivalence testing. DFIT and CDIF testing.
OBNB doesn't sell books, but you may be able to find a copy at one of these websites:
Differential item functioning by Steven J. Osterlind. ISBN 9781412954945. Published by SAGE in 2009. Publication and catalogue information, links to buy online and reader comments.
