Diplomatic situation prior to the Paris Peace Conference. German diplomatic position in Shandong
Japan declares war on Germany
Strategic and military importance of the Shandong concession
Foreign policy issues regarding the Shandong concession
Japan presents the Twenty one Demands
Japanese ultimatum
China joins the war against Germany
1918 secret Sino-Japanese agreements
Chinese delegation's proposals to the Paris Peace Conference. Members of the Chinese delegation
Wellington Koo and President Woodrow Wilson
Chinese delegation's proposals to Paris
Wellington Koo and the Shandong question
Chinese delegation's March and April declarations
Direct or indirect restitution of Shandong
Japanese delegation's proposals to the Paris Peace Conference. Japanese delegation and its proposals
American delegation's opening position on Shandong
Who wanted the secret agreements kept secret?
Impact of the secret agreements on America's proposals
Japanese delegation's April 1919 proposals
President Wilson's compromise proposal. American delegation and its proposals
Big three's negotiations with the Chinese delegation
Big three's negotiations with the Japanese delegation
Wilson's rationale behind this compromise solution
Impact of Wilson's compromise
Myth of Woodrow Wilson's betrayal. Importance of "face" in China
Chinese diplomatic reaction to the Shandong resolutions
Japanese diplomatic reaction to the Shandong resolutions
Shandong resolutions, the May Fourth Movement, and Wilson
Liang Qichao's interpretation of the Shandong resolutions
Wilson's failed attempts to secure a Japanese statement of intent. America decides to obtain a Japanese statement of intent
Chinese delegation fails to sign on a provisional basis
Creation of a draft statement of intent
Plans to issue a big three statement of intent
Shandong and the League of Nations
Shandong and the origins of the Chinese Communist Party. May Fourth Movement and Chinese radicalization
Karakhan Manifesto and the birth of Chinese communism
Shandong resolution's impact on Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu
Shandong and the founding of the Chinese Communist Party
Shandong and the united front strategy
Myth of Soviet equal treatment of China. Shandong and the diplomatic legacy of Versailles
1921-1922 Washington Conference
Soviet diplomacy and the united front strategy
Lev Karakhan's secret diplomacy and the CER
1925 restoration of Soviet-Japanese diplomatic relations
Lev Karakhan and the twenty one demands
Epilogue: The impact of the Shandong question.
OBNB doesn't sell books, but you may be able to find a copy at one of these websites:
Wilson and China : a revised history of the Shandong question by Bruce A. Elleman. ISBN 9780765610515. Published by M.E. Sharpe in 2002. Publication and catalogue information, links to buy online and reader comments.
