PREFACE xiii
SERIES EDITORS’ PREFACE xvii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xix
SECTION I EVOLUTION, BEHAVIOR AND CULTURE 1
1 Elements of Evolutionary Biology 3
1.1 Darwin’s Argument, 3
1.2 Natural Selection and Fitness, 4
1.3 Adaptation, 5
1.4 Evolution, 10
1.5 Phylogeny and Character Reconstruction, 13
1.6 Evolution as a Historical Science, 18
1.7 Conclusions, 19
2 Basics of Behavioral Biology 21
2.1 Introduction, 21
2.2 Proximate and Ultimate Aspects of Behavior, 21
2.3 Proximate Control of Behavior, 22
2.4 Development of Behavior, 24
2.5 Adaptive Function: Optimality or Evolutionary Stability?, 32
2.6 Levels of Selection, 34
2.7 Behavioral Phylogeny, 39
2.8 Conclusions, 39
3 Social Learning and Culture 41
3.1 Introduction, 41
3.2 Social Learning, 42
3.3 Cultures among Animals, 48
3.4 Human Culture and Cultural Evolution, 51
3.5 A Theory of Cultural Evolution, 55
3.6 Conclusions, 56
4 Evolution and Human Behavior 59
4.1 Introduction, 59
4.2 Integrating Competing Approaches to Human Behavior, 59
4.3 Testing Adaptation in Humans, 63
4.4 How to Deal with Uniqueness?, 67
4.5 Reconstructing our Origins, 68
4.6 Conclusions and Outlook, 70
SECTION II THE HISTORY OF HUMANS 71
5 Ancestors: Humans from a Comparative Perspective 73
5.1 Introduction, 73
5.2 Our Deep History up to the Concestor, 75
5.3 The (Near-) Endpoint: Foragers, 78
5.4 Conclusion: The Gap, 81
6 Human Evolution: A Brief Overview 83
6.1 Introduction, 83
6.2 The First Hominins: The Origins of Bipedalism, 84
6.3 The Australopithecines and Early Homo, 85
6.4 Homo erectus, 86
6.5 Middle Pleistocene Hominins, 89
6.6 Modern Humans: Homo sapiens, 90
6.7 General Trends, 95
6.8 Conclusions, 96
SECTION III SUBSISTENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 99
7 Primate Ecology 101
7.1 Introduction, 101
7.2 Diet, 101
7.3 Seasonality, 104
7.4 Extractive Foraging and Hunting by Primates, 106
7.5 Range Use, 111
7.6 Conclusions, 115
8 Forager Ecology and Subsistence 117
8.1 Introduction, 117
8.2 Diet, 117
8.3 Obtaining Food: Gathering and Hunting, 119
8.4 Fluctuations in Energy Intake, 122
8.5 The Sexual Division of Labor, 123
8.6 Central Place Provisioning, 126
8.7 Paleodiet, Exercise, and Diseases of Civilization, 128
8.8 Conclusions, 129
9 The Evolution of Technology 131
9.1 Introduction, 131
9.2 Tool Use and Technology, 131
9.3 The Evolution of Primate Tool Use, 135
9.4 Nonhuman Primates and Hominins Compared
9.5 Conclusions, 140
SECTION IV SEX AND SEXUAL SELECTION 141
10 Sex, Sexual Selection and Sex Differences 143
10.1 Introduction, 143
10.2 Sexual Reproduction, 143
10.3 Sexual Selection, 144
10.4 Intrasexual Selection, 148
10.5 Mate Choice, 152
10.6 Sex Role Equality and Reversal: Who Competes, Who Chooses?, 156
10.7 Sexual Conflict, 157
10.8 Sex Differences Beyond Weapons and Ornaments, 161
10.9 Conclusions, 162
11 Mating Systems and Sexuality in Primates 163
11.1 Introduction, 163
11.2 Sexual Selection in Primates, 163
11.3 Sex in Mammals: The Mating Problem, 166
11.4 Features of Primate Sexuality, 168
11.5 Explaining the Variation in Primate Sexuality, 170
11.6 Conclusions, 174
12 Human Mating Systems and Sexuality 175
12.1 Introduction
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The primate roots of human nature by Carel van Schaik. ISBN 9781119118183. Published by Wiley Blackwell in 2015. Publication and catalogue information, links to buy online and reader comments.
